Deep drawing transforms a surface into a hollow body by stretching or upsetting. The sheet metal disc is clamped between the drawing ring and the blank holder. The drawing die presses on the plate through the blank holder and pulls it into the opening of the drawing ring. The various forces, drawing radius and gap as well as the drawing speed must be precisely matched to each other. The basic shape can be round or angular; deep drawing produces cylindrical shapes, hemispheres, conical shells or rectangles. Materials used include sheet steel, aluminium, copper, brass, stainless steels, titanium and nickel alloys.
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